Isa. 28:11| Ephraim
| Representing the northern kingdom of Israel.
Isa. 28:21| someone
| Probably first the king of Assyria and then the king of Babylon (2|Kings 17:3-18; 24:10-16).
Isa. 28:2a| hailstorm| Exo. 9:18-19, 23-26;| Psa. 18:12-13;| Isa. 30:30;| Ezek. 13:11;| 38:22;| Rev. 8:7
Isa. 28:51a| crown| cf. Isa. 62:3
| Jehovah’s punishing of Israel issues in His restoration. Jehovah of hosts as Christ will be a crown of beauty and a diadem of glory to the remnant of Israel, God’s chosen people, in the age of restoration after all God’s dealing with Israel is completed.
Isa. 28:5b| remnant| Isa. 10:20
Isa. 28:9a| milk| 1|Cor. 3:2;| 1|Pet. 2:2
Isa. 28:101| Rule
| These rules were parts of the law. Ephraim was bothered by the fact that Jehovah’s rules and statutes were scattered repeatedly in pieces.
Isa. 28:11a| For| vv. 11-12: 1|Cor. 14:21
Isa. 28:111| foreign
| The tongue of the Gentile invaders, which became a bothering and a shame to Ephraim (cf. 1|Cor. 14:21 and note 2).
Isa. 28:131| Rule
| See note 101.
Isa. 28:141| Jerusalem
| Jehovah destroyed the northern kingdom of Israel by the Assyrian army (vv. 14-15, 17-20, 22; 2|Kings 17:3-18). This was done as a warning to Jerusalem, which represents the southern kingdom of Judah.
Isa. 28:15a| death| Eccl. 8:8
Isa. 28:16a| Indeed| Rom. 9:33;| 1|Pet. 2:6
Isa. 28:161b| stone| Gen. 49:24;| Psa. 118:22;| Matt. 16:18;| 21:42;| Acts 4:11;| 1|Cor. 3:11;| Eph. 2:20;| 1|Pet. 2:7-8
| [ par. 1 2 ]
Isa. 28:161 [1]| Jehovah’s punishment over Ephraim’s drunkards will also usher in the trustworthy Christ as a foundation stone and a precious cornerstone for God’s building (Psa. 118:22-24 and notes). The complete fulfillment of Christ as the stone will be in the next age, the age of restoration (Psa. 118:26 and note; cf. Matt. 23:38-39 and note 391).
Isa. 28:161 [2]| In contrast to the priest and the prophet described in v. 7, the trustworthy Christ is the faithful High Priest and the trustworthy Prophet to God’s redeemed (Heb. 7:26; Acts 3:22-23).
Isa. 28:16c| He| Rom. 10:11
Isa. 28:18a| overflowing| Isa. 8:8
Isa. 28:211| rise
| This is Jehovah’s reaction of fighting against the Assyrians, who had destroyed Israel excessively (see note 131 in ch. 26).
Isa. 28:21a| Perazim| 2|Sam. 5:20;| 1|Chron. 14:11
Isa. 28:21b| Gibeon| Josh. 10:10, 12;| 1|Chron. 14:16
Isa. 28:22a| destruction| Isa. 10:22-23;| Dan. 9:27
Isa. 28:241| plowman
| In vv. 24-29 Jehovah, as a farmer, deals with people as His crops by different utensils according to His extraordinary counsel and His great wisdom.
Isa. 28:29a| extraordinary| Psa. 92:5;| Jer. 32:19